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Added Traffic-Light-Detector description
This commit is contained in:
Kristofers Solo
parent
fc014d8b80
commit
3df0dc5a6d
@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ urlpatterns = [
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path("", views.projects, name="projects"),
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path("karbs", views.karbs, name="karbs"),
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path("karbs/instructions", views.instructions, name="instructions"),
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path("traffic-light-detector", views.traffic_light_detector, name="traffic-light-detector")
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]
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@ -11,3 +11,7 @@ def karbs(request):
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def instructions(request):
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return render(request, "projects/karbs/instructions.html", {"title": "Karbs Instructions"})
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def traffic_light_detector(request):
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return render(request, "projects/traffic_light_detector/traffic_light_detector.html", {"title": "Traffic Light Detector"})
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@ -163,7 +163,6 @@
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}
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.markdown-body img {
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max-width: 100%;
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box-sizing: content-box;
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background-color: var(--color-canvas-default);
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}
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@ -264,12 +263,21 @@
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content: "]";
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}
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.markdown-body img {
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box-sizing: content-box;
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}
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.markdown-body .emoji {
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max-width: none;
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vertical-align: text-top;
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background-color: transparent;
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}
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g-emoji img {
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width: 1em;
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height: 1em;
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}
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.markdown-body .footnotes {
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font-size: 0.75rem;
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color: var(--color-fg-muted);
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@ -284,6 +292,10 @@
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position: relative;
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}
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.markdown-body .footnotes li p {
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font-size: 0.75rem;
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}
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@media (max-width: 35em) {
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.markdown-body {
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margin: 2em 0 2em 0;
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@ -50,9 +50,7 @@
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</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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<a class="card"
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href="https://github.com/kristoferssolo/Traffic-Light-Detector"
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target="_blank">
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<a class="card" href="{% url 'traffic-light-detector' %}">
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<div class="card-content">
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<div class="card-info-wrapper">
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<div class="card-info-title">
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@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
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{% extends "layout.html" %}
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{% load static %}
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{% block title %}{{ title }}{% endblock %}
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{% block meta %}
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<link rel="stylesheet"
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type="text/css"
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href="{% static 'main/css/markdown.css' %}"/>
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{% endblock %}
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{% block content %}
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<article class="markdown-body">
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<h1>Traffic-Light-Detector</h1>
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<h2>
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Reduce traffic congestion effects due to human reaction times at intersections
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with traffic lights by utilizing a computer system based on direct communication
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method of changes in the circumscribed route intersection.
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</h2>
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<h3>Motivation for the project:</h3>
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<p>
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As civilisation develops, it develops coherent, large-scale socio-economic
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formations that contribute to the development of well-being and the concomitant
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development of conurbation. The market demand for infrastructure motivates
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individuals to privatise their vehicles, which, in turn, rapidly increases the
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accident rate. A scientific study entitled <em>"Accident analysis & prevention"</em><sup id="reference-1"><a href="#footnote-1" data-footnote-ref="">1</a></sup> (2.5)
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indicates that there is a statistically significant observation between the potential
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of a road user and prior involvement in an accident, as well as an observable
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characteristic: following the direction of a high-flow motorway, defined as the
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time between the subject and the subject's vehicles.
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</p>
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<p>
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Based on research, it can be hypothesised that reducing the likelihood of
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first-time accidents has a more significant effect on road safety than developing
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systems to improve the safety habits of drivers involved in accidents. With this
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assumption, the problem of eliminating the impact of human reaction time on the
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realisation of traffic congestion can be defined as a motivated project by applying
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computer solutions based on the direct communication methodology of the intersection
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changes, on a route section equipped with a traffic signal traffic regulator.
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</p>
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<p>
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Furthermore, studies such as
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<em>"In-depth investigations of PTW-car accidents caused by human errors (Moto-Auto)"</em><sup id="reference-2"><a href="#footnote-2" data-footnote-ref="">2</a></sup>
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indicate that in different traffic intersection configurations,
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a statistical predominance of frontal collisions, more precisely around 45%, is observed in 1/9 of
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the collision types (frontal collisions) in 60% of the configurations.
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</p>
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<p>
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Road accidents also represent a share of society's costs, or more precisely,
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costs can be broken down into several categorisations - by the number of people
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involved, by the type of cost, by the impact of the accident on lives. A study
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on the cost of traffic accidents, <em>"The cost of traffic accident and equivalent
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accident number (Case study in developing country - Indonesia)"</em><sup id="reference-3"><a href="#footnote-3" data-footnote-ref="">3</a></sup> estimates the
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cost of a single fatal accident in all categories at around 17 869,19 €, which
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justifies the monetary motivation and commercial potential of the solution.
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</p>
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<p>
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There are several reasons, as mentioned in the scientific study
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<em>"Traffic conflict standards for intersections"</em><sup id="reference-4"><a href="#footnote-4" data-footnote-ref="">4</a></sup>,
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why an intersection may be categorised as a high hazard area in a delineated format.
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Firstly, a segment where different groups of road users overlap, more specifically
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different types of vehicles, including private and commercial, as well as pedestrians
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converging from several directions can make it difficult for drivers to anticipate the
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actions of other road users, increasing the potential for collisions. Secondly,
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intersections have a number of hierarchical and complex traffic control systems,
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such as signs, traffic signals and traffic regulators, which allow for the possibility
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of inaccurate interpretation of the situation. Finally, intersections are characterised
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by distracted drivers, for example, looking for a turn, trying to read signs or understand
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the traffic, listening to music on a mobile device or having a conversation, which
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increases the likelihood of an accident.
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</p>
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<p>
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Providing drivers with direct communication of intersection changes is important,
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based on the <em>"Situational Awareness and Safety"</em><sup id="reference-5"><a href="#footnote-5" data-footnote-ref="">5</a></sup> study , as it contributes to
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smooth and efficient traffic movement. If drivers are unsure about a traffic light,
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they may hesitate or stop unnecessarily, which can cause congestion and delays.
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In addition, providing a direct method of informing drivers of green lights can
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help prevent accidents and improve overall road safety. By providing clear and
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concise information to drivers, we can help ensure that traffic flows smoothly
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and that everyone on the road can get to their destination safely.
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</p>
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<p>
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Since the judgement that reducing the likelihood of first-time accidents has a significant
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effect on the safety of road users can be put forward reasonably and as a leading reason
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points to the fact that the realisation of traffic congestion increases the potential for
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accidents and that traffic conflicts exist with a particularly increased likelihood at
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intersections, the following position can be put forward, that a statistically tested
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hypothesis on the correlation of traffic congestion on traffic accidents in studies
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such as the <em>"Current Understanding of the Effects of Congestion on Traffic Accidents"</em><sup id="reference-6"><a href="#footnote-6" data-footnote-ref="">6</a></sup>
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justifies the relevance of the project to the wider community and points to the need
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for an adapted, modular solution.
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</p>
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<h3>Existing solutions:</h3>
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<p>
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The motivation and potential solutions for the project were also presented in different
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formats of existing solutions. Each solution described offers a different format of user
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interface, practical application and results.
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</p>
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<p>
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Tesla's <em>"Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control"</em><sup id="reference-7"><a href="#footnote-7" data-footnote-ref="">7</a></sup> provides direct information to the user on
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the status of the traffic light controller and adjusts the response of the vehicle, more
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specifically, if the vehicle is analytically detected as unable to manoeuvre within the time
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allowed by the controller, the control system will reduce speed and stop the vehicle at the
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first permissible position according to the controller's conditions. The solution offers efficient
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and optimal functionality with extensive technical support and a clear and easy to use user interface.
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The most significant drawback of the solution offered by Tesla is the limited vehicle support
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of the control system, more precisely, the system is only available for Tesla cars equipped
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with the required sensors.
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</p>
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<p>
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Audi's <em>"Traffic-light countdown system"</em><sup id="reference-8"><a href="#footnote-8" data-footnote-ref="">8</a></sup>,
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described by the journalism company Engadget,
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proposes and offers to provide the user directly with a countdown system, more precisely
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a period of time during which the traffic-light traffic regulator will remain the same or
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change to another state. The solution proposed by Audi offers a user-friendly and
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comprehensible user interface, including a format in which the driver's attention
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can be easily and in an informed way focused on the changes in traffic. The most significant
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drawback of the proposed solution is the need to equip all traffic light controllers
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and cars with sensors and to develop a communication network, and the fact that Audi
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only offers the technology for Audi cars at the moment.
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</p>
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<h3>Solution description:</h3>
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<p>
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In response to the problem described in the motivation, the authors considered
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a solution that eliminates the impact of human reaction time on the realisation
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of traffic congestion, using a computer system based on a direct gated intersection
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change communication methodology, on a route section equipped with a traffic signal traffic controller.
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</p>
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<p>
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The authors propose to develop a small, easily transportable and modular device,
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the basic principle of which is to use sensors embedded in the device to detect
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the position of the traffic signal traffic controller corresponding to the position
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of the vehicle at an intersection and to inform the driver when the signal is
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detected, according to the expected signal - permission to continue the route.
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</p>
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<p>
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Ierosinātais risinājums sastāv no 4 pamatprincipiem, kas likvidē cilvēka reakcijas laika ietekmi
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uz satiksmes sastrēgumu realizāciju:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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The modular device shall be equipped in its basic configuration with a visual image sensor which,
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according to the instructions for use integral to the device, is positioned parallel to the
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direction of movement of the vehicle, which provides continuous low-quality image documentation
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for the purpose of determining whether the vehicle has reached a traffic intersection.
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</li>
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<li>
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When the device detects a vehicle approaching a traffic intersection using an image recognition
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model, it increases the quality of the captured images and identifies the traffic signal traffic
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regulators and their positions.
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</li>
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<li>
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The identified regulators and their states are summarised to determine the appropriate regulator for the vehicle route.
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</li>
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<li>
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Using the information obtained, the device analyses the situation: if the controller is observed
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with the signal "OK to proceed" and the vehicle has not stopped, it does not inform, whereas if
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the controller is observed with the signal "Not OK to proceed" and the vehicle has slowed down or
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stopped, the device informs the driver of the signal change when the signal "OK to proceed" is
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received, using the basic module for the audible signal or the optional light and other user interfaces formats.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Aprakstītā ierīce pamatprincipu un funkcionalitātes nodrošināšanai izmanto:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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Raspberry Pi 4 microcontroller -
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<a href="https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/?variant=raspberry-pi-4-model-b-8gb"
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target="_blank">Raspberry Pi 4</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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Raspberry Pi high quality modular camera -
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<a href="https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-high-quality-camera/"
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target="_blank">Sony IMX477</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The device can be upgraded by adding:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>[Potential upgrades here]</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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A basic package is offered for system communication and user information, which includes an audible signal
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that plays and informs the driver of the need to concentrate on the route process, as well as on the
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surrounding cars, which the device plays when a signal is received from the traffic signal traffic
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controller to allow the route to proceed.
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</p>
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<p>
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As the system provides a direct form of communication about the actual changes in the route of the
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vehicle on the section of the route equipped with the light-signalling traffic controller, it does
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not store the collected data in the long term and deletes the data after processing the captured route
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visualisations, saving and updating the vehicle situation, therefore the solution proposed by the authors
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ensures complete security of the user's data.
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</p>
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<section class="footnotes">
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<ol>
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<li id="footnote-1">
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<p>
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Nicholson, A.J. and Tight, M.R. (1989) Research paper "Accident Analysis and Prevention:
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Course Notes 1987/88". Institute of Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, England.
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<a href="#reference-1"
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data-footnote-backref=""
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aria-label="Back to content"
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class="data-footnote-backref">
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<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="leftwards_arrow_with_hook" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png">
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<img class="emoji"
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alt="leftwards_arrow_with_hook"
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src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png"
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width="20"
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height="20">
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</g-emoji>
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</a>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li id="footnote-2">
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<p>
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Avinash P. Penumaka, Giovanni Savino, Niccolò Baldanzini, Marco Pierini,
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In-depth investigations of PTW-car accidents caused by human errors, Safety
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Science, Volume 68, 2014, Pages 212-221, ISSN 0925-7535, DOI:
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.04.004" target="_blank">10.1016-j.ssci.2014.04.004</a>
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<a href="#reference-2"
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data-footnote-backref=""
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aria-label="Back to content"
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class="data-footnote-backref">
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<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="leftwards_arrow_with_hook" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png">
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<img class="emoji"
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alt="leftwards_arrow_with_hook"
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src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png"
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width="20"
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height="20">
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</g-emoji>
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</a>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li id="footnote-3">
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<p>
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Gito Sugiyanto, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
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Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto, Mayjend Sungkono, Blater, Kalimanah,
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Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia,
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<a href="http://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2017/jeas_0117_5631.pdf"
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target="_blank">
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"THE COST OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AND EQUIVALENT ACCIDENT NUMBER
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IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (CASE STUDY IN INDONESIA)"
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</a>, ISSN 1819-6608.
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<a href="#reference-3"
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data-footnote-backref=""
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aria-label="Back to content"
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class="data-footnote-backref">
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<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="leftwards_arrow_with_hook" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png">
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<img class="emoji"
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alt="leftwards_arrow_with_hook"
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src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png"
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width="20"
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height="20">
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</g-emoji>
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</a>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li id="footnote-4">
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<p>
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Tarek Said and Sani Zein (1999) Traffic conflict standards at intersections,
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Transportation Planning and Technology, 22:4, 309-323, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03081069908717634" target="_blank">10.1080/03081069908717634</a>
|
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<a href="#reference-4"
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data-footnote-backref=""
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aria-label="Back to content"
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class="data-footnote-backref">
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<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="leftwards_arrow_with_hook" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png">
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<img class="emoji"
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alt="leftwards_arrow_with_hook"
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src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png"
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width="20"
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height="20">
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</g-emoji>
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</a>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li id="footnote-5">
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<p>
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N.A Stanton, P.R.G. Chambers, J Piggott, Situation Awareness and Security,
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Security Science, Vol. 39, 3rd edition, 2001, pp. 189-204, ISSN 0925-7535,
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DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00010-8" target="_blank">10.1015/S0925-7535(01)00010-8</a>
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<a href="#reference-5"
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data-footnote-backref=""
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aria-label="Back to content"
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class="data-footnote-backref">
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<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="leftwards_arrow_with_hook" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png">
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<img class="emoji"
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alt="leftwards_arrow_with_hook"
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src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png"
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width="20"
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height="20">
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</g-emoji>
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</a>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li id="footnote-6">
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<p>
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Retalak, Angus Eugen and Bertram Ostendorf. 2019. "Current understanding
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of the impact of congestion on traffic accidents" International Journal
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of Environmental Research and the State of Society 16, no. 18: 3400.
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DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183400" target="_blank">10.3390-ijerph-16183400</a>
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<a href="#reference-6"
|
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data-footnote-backref=""
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aria-label="Back to content"
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class="data-footnote-backref">
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<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="leftwards_arrow_with_hook" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png">
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<img class="emoji"
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alt="leftwards_arrow_with_hook"
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src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png"
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width="20"
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height="20">
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</g-emoji>
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</a>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li id="footnote-7">
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<p>
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© Tesla 2022 instructional publication
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<a href="https://www.tesla.com/ownersmanual/modely/en_eu/GUID-A701F7DC-875C-4491-BC84-605A77EA152C.html"
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target="_blank">"Controlling traffic lights and stop signs"</a> in the Model-Y description.
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<a href="#reference-7"
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data-footnote-backref=""
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aria-label="Back to content"
|
||||
class="data-footnote-backref">
|
||||
<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="leftwards_arrow_with_hook" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png">
|
||||
<img class="emoji"
|
||||
alt="leftwards_arrow_with_hook"
|
||||
src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png"
|
||||
width="20"
|
||||
height="20">
|
||||
</g-emoji>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li id="footnote-8">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Audi's solution, described by Robert Baldwin in his 2016
|
||||
journalistic publication
|
||||
<a href="https://www.engadget.com/2016-12-09-audis-traffic-light-countdown.html"
|
||||
target="_blank">
|
||||
"Audi's new traffic-light countdown is the first step to smarter cities"
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="#reference-8"
|
||||
data-footnote-backref=""
|
||||
aria-label="Back to content"
|
||||
class="data-footnote-backref">
|
||||
<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="leftwards_arrow_with_hook" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png">
|
||||
<img class="emoji"
|
||||
alt="leftwards_arrow_with_hook"
|
||||
src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/21a9.png"
|
||||
width="20"
|
||||
height="20">
|
||||
</g-emoji>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
{% endblock %}
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user