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Added Artix installation guide
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guides/artixinstallation.md
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guides/artixinstallation.md
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# Artix Linux Installation Guide (runit version)
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<!-- toc -->
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- [Pre-installation](#pre-installation)
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* [Partition the disks](#partition-the-disks)
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+ [Example layout](#example-layout)
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* [Format the partitions](#format-the-partitions)
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* [Mount the file systems](#mount-the-file-systems)
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+ [Flag explanation](#flag-explanation)
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- [Installation](#installation)
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* [Install essential packages](#install-essential-packages)
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- [Configure the system](#configure-the-system)
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* [Fstab](#fstab)
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* [Chroot](#chroot)
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* [Time zone](#time-zone)
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* [Localization](#localization)
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* [Variations](#variations)
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* [Boot loader](#boot-loader)
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+ [For BIOS systems](#for-bios-systems)
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+ [For UEFI systems](#for-uefi-systems)
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* [Root password](#root-password)
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* [Add user(s)](#add-users)
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* [Configure sudo](#configure-sudo)
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* [Package manager](#package-manager)
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* [Network configuration](#network-configuration)
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* [Reboot the system](#reboot-the-system)
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- [Post-installation configuration](#post-installation-configuration)
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* [Desktop Environment](#desktop-environment)
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* [Display Login Manager](#display-login-manager)
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+ [KDE](#kde)
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+ [GNOME](#gnome)
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* [Wi-Fi](#wi-fi)
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* [Optional](#optional)
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+ [Reflector](#reflector)
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+ [Paru](#paru)
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<!-- tocstop -->
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## Pre-installation
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### Partition the disks
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Partition your hard drive with [cfdisk](https://man.archlinux.org/man/cfdisk.8).
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It can be _sda_, _sdb_, _sdc_, _nvme0n1_ or other drive names.
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```shell
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cfdisk /dev/sdx
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```
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Chose `dos` if available.
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#### Example layout
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- `boot` - 256M
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- `swap` - (optional, recommended size is the size of RAM or half of it)
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- `root` - 30GB (10GB for root in VM will be enough, but on physical hardware 30GB-50GB is recommended)
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- `home` - rest of the drive
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### Format the partitions
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```shell
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mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sdx1 # boot partition
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fatlabel /dev/vda1 boot
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mkswap -L swap /dev/sdx2 # swap partition, if created
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mkfs.ext4 -L root /dev/sdx3 # root partition
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mkfs.ext4 -L root /dev/sdx4 # home partition
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```
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You can replace [ext4](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ext4) with [btrfs](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Btrfs).
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### Mount the file systems
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```shell
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mount -L root /mnt
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mount -Lm boot /mnt/boot
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mount -Lm home /mnt/home
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swapon /dev/sdx2
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```
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#### Flag explanation
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- `-L, --label` - Mount the partition that has the specified label.
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- `-m, --mkdir` - Allow to make a target directory (mountpoint) if it does not exist yet.
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Mount additional drives/partitions if exist and needed with:
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```shell
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mount /dev/sdy /mnt/exampleFolder
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```
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## Installation
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### Install essential packages
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Use the **basestrap** script to install the base package, Linux [kernel](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Kernel) and firmware for common hardware:
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```shell
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basestrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware runit elogind-runit
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```
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## Configure the system
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### Fstab
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Generate an [fstab](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fstab) file:
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```shell
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fstabgen -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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```
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### Chroot
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[Change root](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Chroot) into the new system:
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```shell
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artix-chroot /mnt bash
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```
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### Time zone
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Set the [time zone](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_time#Time_zone):
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```shell
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
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```
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Run [hwclock](https://man.archlinux.org/man/hwclock.8) to generate `/etc/adjtime`:
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```shell
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hwclock --systohc
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```
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### Localization
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Install any text editor ([vim](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Vim), [nano](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Nano)) of your choice.
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```shell
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pacman -S vim
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```
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Edit `/etc/locale.gen` and uncomment `en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8` and other needed locales.
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```shell
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vim /etc/locale.gen
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```
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Generate the locales by running:
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```shell
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locale-gen
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```
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Create the [locale.conf](https://man.archlinux.org/man/locale.conf.5) file, and set the LANG variables accordingly:
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```shell
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vim /etc/locale.conf
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```
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```config
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LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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```
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### Variations
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If you want to specify which time, number, etc. formats to use, you can do so using the following variables:
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- `LANG`
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- `LANGUAGE`
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- `LC_ADDRESS`
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- `LC_COLLATE`
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- `LC_CTYPE`
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- `LC_IDENTIFICATION`
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- `LC_MEASUREMENT`
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- `LC_MESSAGES`
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- `LC_MONETARY`
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- `LC_NAME`
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- `LC_NUMERIC`
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- `LC_PAPER`
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- `LC_TELEPHONE`
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- `LC_TIME`
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For example:
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```config
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LC_ADDRESS=lv_LV.UTF-8
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LC_IDENTIFICATION=lv_LV.UTF-8
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LC_MEASUREMENT=lv_LV.UTF-8
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LC_MONETARY=lv_LV.UTF-8
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LC_NUMERIC=lv_LV.UTF-8
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LC_PAPER=lv_LV.UTF-8
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LC_TELEPHONE=lv_LV.UTF-8
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LC_TIME=lv_LV.UTF-8
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```
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### Boot loader
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First install `grub` and `os-prober` (to detect other operating systems installed):
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```shell
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pacman -S grub os-prober efibootmgr
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```
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If `ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars` lists files, you have a UEFI system.
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```shell
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ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
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```
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Install grub:
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#### For BIOS systems
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```shell
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grub-install --recheck /dev/sdx
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```
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#### For UEFI systems
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```shell
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grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=grub
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```
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To enable os-prober uncomment `GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false` in `/etc/default/grub` file:
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To enable os-prober, `GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false` in `/etc/default/grub`:
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```shell
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vim /etc/default/grub
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```
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Must be at the end of the file.
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Make config
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```shell
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grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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```
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### Root password
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Set the root password:
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```shell
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passwd
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```
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### Add user(s)
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Create a regular user and password. Replace _username_ with your desired username.
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```shell
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useradd -mG username wheel
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passwd username
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```
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### Configure sudo
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Uncomment `%whell ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL` or `%whell ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL` for no password option:
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```shell
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vim /etc/sudoers
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```
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### Package manager
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Enable several handy features of [pacman](https://man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8) package manager:
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```shell
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vim /etc/pacman.conf
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```
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Uncomment/add the following lines:
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```config
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Color # Automatically enable colors only when pacman’s output is on a tty.
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VerbosePkgLists # Displays name, version and size of target packages formatted as a table for upgrade, sync and remove operations.
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ParallelDownloads = 12 # Specifies number of concurrent download streams. The value needs to be a positive integer. The number of CPU threads on your computer is recommended.
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ILoveCandy # Otherwise what is the point of using Arch Linux at all?
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[lib32] # Enable 32bit repository (required by steam)
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Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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# Add the following to enable Arch Linux repositories
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[universe]
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Server = https://universe.artixlinux.org/$arch
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[extra]
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Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
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[community]
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Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
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[multilib]
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Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
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```
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Install Arch Linux mirrorlist.
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```shell
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pacman -S wget
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wget https://github.com/archlinux/svntogit-packages/raw/packages/pacman-mirrorlist/trunk/mirrorlist -O /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
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```
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Install and populate Arch Linux keys:
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```shell
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pacman -Syu artix-archlinux-support
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pacman-key --populate archlinux
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```
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Read more about Artix Linux repositories [here](https://wiki.artixlinux.org/Main/Repositories).
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### Network configuration
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Create the [hostname](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Network_configuration#Set_the_hostname) file and enter machine name.
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Replace _myhostname_ with a name that will be seen by other devices on the same network.
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```shell
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vim /etc/hostname
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```
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```config
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myhostname
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```
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Add matching entries to hosts:
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```shell
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vim /etc/hosts
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```
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```config
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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::1 localhost
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127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname
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```
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If the system has a permanent IP address, it should be used instead of `127.0.1.1`.
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Install and enable [networkmanager](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NetworkManager) and/or [bluez](http://www.bluez.org/):
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```shell
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pacman -S dhcpcd networkmanager-runit bluez-runit git
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```
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Enable NetworkManager and/or bluetoothd at launch.
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```shell
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ln -s /etc/runit/sv/NetworkManager /etc/runit/runsvdir/default
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ln -s /etc/runit/sv/bluetoothd /etc/runit/runsvdir/default
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```
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### Reboot the system
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```shell
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exit # exit chroot environment
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umount -R /mnt
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reboot
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```
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## Post-installation configuration
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Once shutdown is complete, remove your installation media.
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If all went well, you should boot into your new system. Log in as your root to complete the post-installation configuration.
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See [Arch linux's general recommendations](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/General_recommendations) for system management directions and post-installation tutorials.
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### Desktop Environment
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Install your favorite desktop environment, for example [KDE](https://kde.org/), [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org) or other.
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```shell
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pacman -S plasma kde-applications sddm-runit
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```
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```shell
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pacman -S gnome gdm-runit
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```
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### Display Login Manager
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Enable login manager at launch.
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#### KDE
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```shell
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ln -s /etc/runit/sv/sddm /run/runit/service/
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sv start sddm
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```
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#### GNOME
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```shell
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ln -s /etc/runit/sv/gdm /run/runit/service/
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sv start gdm
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```
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### Wi-Fi
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To connect to Wi-Fi run:
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```shell
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nmcli dev wifi list # list all available networks
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nmcli dev wifi -a connect "name" # connect to network
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```
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### Optional
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#### Reflector
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Install [reflector](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/reflector) for better Arch Linux mirror setup:
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```shell
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sudo pacman -S reflector
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sudo reflector --sort rate --protocol https --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch --latest 200
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```
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#### Paru
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Install [paru](https://github.com/Morganamilo/paru) - [AUR helper](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers):
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```shell
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git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru-bin
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cd paru-bin
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makepkg -si
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```
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